By-pass valve and controlling device for engine-cylinders.



- H. A. smmme, Y J. BY-PASS VALVE AND CONTROLLING DEVICE FOR ,ENGINE CYLINDERS. APPLICATION FILED FEB. 11. 1914. I 1,179,468, 5 Patented Apr.18,-1916.

HARRY ALEXANDER-@TENNING, OF LONDON, ENGLAND, ASSIGNOR T SCHMIDTSGHE.

HEISSIDAMPE GESELLSCHAFT M. B. H., OF CASSEL-WILEHELMSHHE GERMANY, A

CORPORATION GE GERMANY.

BEE-PASS VALVE AND CONTROLLING DEVXCE 'E NGIl-TE-CYLI-NDERS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

iatented Apr. 155, 1916.

Application filed. February 11, 191%. Serial No. 817,993.

is a specification.

My invention is particularly applicable in connection with locomotives where the cylinder ends, on each side or the piston, are

joined by a pipe containing a by-pass valve,

said valve being arranged so as to be either open or closed according to the working conditions. Vl ith the valve'open any pressure differences tending to establish them.- selves on opposite sides of the piston innuediately equalize.

My invention relates to a lluid ogerated controlling device for a by-pass valve placed in aconnecting pipe as above set forth, the device being adapted to be moved in one direction'by steam flowing from the steam chest or main steam pipe and in the other direction by steam supplied independently of the main steam pipe; such an independ ent conn :tion is preferably by a pipe lcedinndirectly from the boiler.

My invention further relates to the combiiiation of a controlling device, as just set forth, with a relief valve so arranged that When the bv-oass valve 0 )ens it, or the c *l incler and connecting pipe which contains 1t is placed in communicatron with the atinosphere.

My invention. further relates to a fluid operated controlling device, of the character indicated, which is so connected with the saturated steam header of a siu'icrhcuter that the device simultaneously controls a flow of steam to the super-heater in such a way that when the throttleis closed, there is a constant flow of steam tbri'mph the superheater elements in which overheating is thereby prevented. v Y

It is the obllect or my invention to produce a controlled bviass valveof the t we indicated which shall reliably perform the ve'rious'functions and purposes above set 1 main heated steam chain i Other objects Will appear as theispecification proceeds.

My invention will. be better understood by reference to the accompanying drawings, which setforth a preferred form thereof and form part of this specification.

In the drawings Figure 1 represents a vertical longitudinal section through the front end of a locomotive boiler and smoke born an engine cylinderloeing represent-ed as connected therewith in usual relation and provided with my improved controlled by-pass valve, cylinder and valve being in elevation; Fig. 2 represents an enlsrged-ccntral vertical section through the bypass and controlling device. 1 I y In the drawings the controlled bypass valve A is provided with passages a and Z) joined respectively by-pipes a and I) to the two ends of the cylinder acent to the cylindercovers. The ends of these passages a,

I) when they enter the "alve are disposed one above the other, with a connecting passage adapted to be closed by the operation of a valve Whose working face d c0--acts with a valve seat 6 formed in the opening which connects said two passages of, Z). The stem g of this valve is cylindrical and enlarged 'at its upper end to constitute a 80. piston 72- provided with piston rings Z; an intermediate partof the stem of the valve is also provided with pistonrings i.

The piston i is slidable in a chamber 70, 1 the top of which by a pipe connection Z, coim'nunicates with the main steam pipe Z leading to the engine cylinders and the bottom of chamber 7-- communicates independcntly. by a passage and steam pipe on, di-

'rectly with the saturated steam supply at the steam dome (not shown)- of the boiler m, preferably through a boiler steam cook p 'ihe upper part of the smoke box is 0c- -unied by a superheater header, of any usual pc for smoke tube superheeters, having a saturated team chamber 7) communicating directly the steam domethrough the thrc (dome and throttle not dry pipe 12* and a superer 7) from Whichis steam supplypipe 2-. The

shown) by taken the main super-heater elements p? are inserted in the flue. tubes and their respective ends go to branch chambers 72 which respectively and alternately open from the saturated and from the superheated chambers p and p.

The spindle g is prolonged. on the lower side of the valve face (1 and carries, at its bottom aloosely attached relief valve n arranged to close an opening through the bottom of passage (6. to the external atmosphere; valve or face (Z and relief valve a 'open and close simultaneously. The use of the relief valve, while desirable. in many cases, is not essential. I

The operation of my invention is as follows: \Vhen the main throttle is open so that steam is being admitted from dry pipe. 7)"

to and through the superheater header chambers *2 and v and elements connectm said I l e chambers, to themain steam pipe and thence to the 'alvechest and engine cylinthe upper side of the'piston h.

ders, it is also necessarily admitted through the pipe connection Z so as to press against Steam will also be admitted (through cock f if the same be opened) from the boiler to the underside of the piston through the pipe in and will tend to press the piston it upwardly. Since the effective pressure area on the lower side of piston h is, however, less than that on the upper side of said piston, by an amount equal to the cross-sectional area of the valve spindle, the valve face (Z is forced down upon its seat 0 so that com- I'IUIXIiCHtlOU. between the cylinder ends through the by-pass valve is cut off. If,

however the main throttle is closed. then the steam pressure through pipe Z on the upperside of the piston is cut oil and steam entering to the piston from the pipe on will force the piston upwardly so as to raise the 21lV6 face-(Z from its seat 0 and thus provide communication between the cylinder ends through the by-pass, valve so as to equalize the pressure on the two sides of the piston in the engine cylinder.

vWhen the relief valve n is provided this will, of course, be opened at the same time as is opened the passage between the engine I The relief valve n is shown as connected directly to the valve spindle; any other known arrangement for operatively wining said valve and valve spindle may be utilized instead. Similarly while I hav shown the ends of passages a, b disposed one above the other may if it prefer arrange them in any other desired relative position, provided only they are adapted to be placed in communication with one another.

My improved controlling device and bypass valve is particularly useful when used in conjunction with locomotives equipped with super-heaters as by its use l may readily arrange for a small supply of steam to flow through the superheater elements when the main throttle is closed and the main steam supply to the engine cylinders thereby cut off; this small floiw. passing from the sa'urated steam chamber of the header through all the sup'erheating elements to the superheated steam chamber and therefrom to the main supply pipe, constantly supplies the superheater with fresh steam and aids in" preventing "bverheating and consequent rapid burning out of the superheater parts. in this embodiment or use of my invention a passage and a pipe 0' is disposed so as to lead from the chamber k, on the underside of piston ii. to the saturated chamber p oi? the super-heater. in consequence, the steam supplied from the boiler cock through pipe m, passes through the chamber A: in the valve casing, thereby becoming effective to lift the piston in and passes therefrom through passage and pipe 0, saturated chamber p, superheater elements 7), superheated steam chamber p. main supply pipe Z to the steam chest (not shown), thence by one of the steam induction ports of the cylinder, (not shown), according to the position of the slide valve, into the cylindersand by the pipes a and'b to-the; relief valve n and to the atmosphere. Owing to the small quantity of steam which is allowed to passunder these circumstances it will be expanded in the superheater so as to be at slower pres" *sure than the saturated steam and will,

therefore beunablc to exert any efiective pressure upon the upper area of piston it. Furthermore, owing to the small cross-section of pipe Z as compared with that of pipe 5 there will be but small tendency for steam to branch from pipe Z through pipe Z to the upper area of piston 7t.

- As just explained it is clear that when the main throttle is closed a small flow of steam takes place through the superheater elements, steam chest and cylinder. My invention, therefore. performs the function of a class of valves known as drifting valves, that is to say. valves which, when the main throttle is closed and the engine is coasting ordrifting. perinit'a certain small supply of steam to flow through the engine cylinder to lubricate the same and to prevent the can bonization of oil therein. This drifting alve function-is performed in addition various other uses of the invention which.

,the steam educt on passage (not shown) .of

matically actuated have been described. l/Vhen operating as a. drifting valve the steam escapes to the atmosphere finally through relief valve 7 way of passages a and 7) and also through the cylinder. I i

In my improved controlled by-pass, as described, it will be noted that when the main throttle is closed,- the steam from the boiler cockp throug n pipe m, acting below the piston h, keeps the valve 01 and relief valve n open positively so that the .roall supply of steam passing through the superheater elements cannot accumulate in the engine cylinders and thus possibly be the means of should the engine be standing still.

If desired, the steam passing through having the engine start oil unexpectedly pipe we may be used to operate the blower by leading steam through a branch pipe g to the cock r and thence through pipe 8 to the blower t. This arrangement has the advantage that if the blower be started when the throttle is closed steam will also be passed through the superheater elements. If the cock of the blower should be opened by the engineer before the boiler cock is opened no steam will be supplied to the blower; the boiler cock must, hence, be opened first. This being done, steam from the boiler cock will start the blower and valve simultaneously so that steam will flow through the superheater elements so as to cool the same and pre'venttheir overheating.

It should be understood that a controlled by-pass, as described. is provided for each cylinder they being so connected to the steam pipes as to operate simultaneously. The connection to the saturated chamber of the superheater need be made from but one of the devices.

The form of controlled by-pass described aboe is one that is preferred by me, but it is obvious that many details may be varied without departing from the spirit of my invention, which I clesire to be defined by thefollowing claims:

1.,ln an engine cylinder. a passage connecting the ends thereof, a valve controlling said passage, a relief valve adapted to open said passage to the atmosphere, and an autodifi'erential piston mechanism for effecting the opening and closing of both of said valves.

In an engine cylinder. a passage connecting the ends thereof, a valve controlling said passage, a relief valve adapted to open said passage to the atmosphere, and an automatically actuated diilerential pistonmechanism for effecting the simultaneous opening and closing o1 both of said valves.

3. In an engine cylinder. a passage 0').- necting the ends thereof, a valve controlling said passage, a relief valve adapted t iopen said passage to the atmosphere, and a piston piston being provided with a pair open the bypass bottom of said chamber steam supply.

7. In an engine cylinder, a passageconoperatively connected with bdth of said vIvalves for opening and closing them, said of pres sure' areas which are open respectively to the aforesaid passage on opposite sides of the passage controlling valve. 7

4. In anengine-cylinder, apassage connecting the ends thereof, a valve controlling said passage, a relief valve adapted to open said passage to the atmosphere, and a mechanism comprising a diiierential piston for actuating said two valves, one pressure area of. said piston being connected with the main steam supply, a smaller pressure area hav ing an independent steam supply, and said piston being further provided with a pair of pressure areas which are open respectively to the aforesaid passage on opposite sides of the passage controlling valve. V

In an engine cylinder, a passage connecting the ends thereof, a valve controlling said 'ppssage,a\1tomatic means for opening said valve when the steam supply is cut oii from the engine cyiinder and automatic means for opening said passage to the atmosphere when Water accumulates in said cylinder.

(5. In combination with an engine cylinder, passages av valve casing with which the ends of said passages connect said ends being disposed orie' over the other and separated by a partition wall having an opening therethrough, an

- opening to the atmosphere through the wall of the lower passage said opening being in alinement with that ofthe partition Wall, a

piston in said valve casing said piston having an enlarged head and having also a pair of-valve surfaces to engage the upper sides of said two openings and'being further provided with pressure areas respectively connected with said two passages, a chamber at the top of said valve casing in which said head is adapted to slide, a passage connect-- ing the top of said chamber to the main steam supply and a passage connecting the necting the ends thereof, a valve controlling said passage, a relief valve adapted to open said passage to the atmosphere and a mechanism comprising a differential piston for opening and closing both of said valves, one of the pressure areas of said piston being arranged to receive steam from the main' stea'm supply and another pressure area being arranged to receive steam pressure supplied from the steam system.

'8. in a locomotive provided with a super heater, in combination, an engine cylinder, a passage connecting the ends thereof, a valve controlling said passage, a relief valve adapted to open said passage to the atmosleading from the; ends thereof,

with an independent some independent point in n s w phel'e, a differential piston muechaniemn for simultaneously actuating both of 'fsni d 'alves, a passage for leading steam from the main steam supply to one of the piston areas, and an independent passage between.

the boiler nnd the saturated ends of the supe'l'heater elements. said passage opening 1 to anoeher of the plstnn areas. I

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand 1n she presence of W 0 subscrlblng H \vliznesses.

1 HARRY ALEXANDER STENNENG. Witnesses W'ILLIAM ARTHUR CULLEN,

THOM'AS HENRY GOLDSHEAF. 

